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IHRC Islamic History And Research Council of India'; Hyderabad Islam India Tareekh Islam Lectures Articles Dr Haseebuddin Sharfi Hameedi

Muslim contribution to Science, Mathematics, Astronomy, Philosophy and Jurisprudence in the Middle Ages. Biographies of Averroes, Avicenna, Avenzoar, Geber, Alhazen, Rhazes, Albucasis, Al-Pharabius, Albategnius, Alboacen and many others; History of Science, Sir Isaac Newton.

With the Battle of Badr begans a remarkable Era in the history of Islam. The emigration of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) to Medina had turned the enemies from Mecca more hostile, and they constantly kept on thinking how they could overthrow him, and put an end to Islam. The battle of Badr was the most important among the Islamic battles of Destiny. For the first time the followers of the new faith were put into a serious test. Had victory been the lot of the pagan army while the Islamic forces were still at the beginning of their developments, the faith of Islam could have come to an end. This battle laid the foundation of the Islamic State and made out of the Muslims a force to be reckoned with by the dwellers of the Arabian Peninsula

J. J. Saunders. A History of Medieval Islam.
Routledge, London, chpt. 9. IX The Turkish Irruption

histoire de l'al-andalus berceau des civilisations modernes avec ces savants et ces monuments dans granada, sevilles et al-hambra